APA
In-text citation: (Díaz & Batanero, 2009)
Reference: Díaz, C., & Batanero, C. (2009). University Students’ Knowledge and Biases in Conditional Probability Reasoning.
International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 4(3), 131-162.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/234
AMA
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Díaz C, Batanero C. University Students’ Knowledge and Biases in Conditional Probability Reasoning.
INT ELECT J MATH ED. 2009;4(3), 131-162.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/234
Chicago
In-text citation: (Díaz and Batanero, 2009)
Reference: Díaz, Carmen, and Carmen Batanero. "University Students’ Knowledge and Biases in Conditional Probability Reasoning".
International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education 2009 4 no. 3 (2009): 131-162.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/234
Harvard
In-text citation: (Díaz and Batanero, 2009)
Reference: Díaz, C., and Batanero, C. (2009). University Students’ Knowledge and Biases in Conditional Probability Reasoning.
International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 4(3), pp. 131-162.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/234
MLA
In-text citation: (Díaz and Batanero, 2009)
Reference: Díaz, Carmen et al. "University Students’ Knowledge and Biases in Conditional Probability Reasoning".
International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, vol. 4, no. 3, 2009, pp. 131-162.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/234
Vancouver
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Díaz C, Batanero C. University Students’ Knowledge and Biases in Conditional Probability Reasoning. INT ELECT J MATH ED. 2009;4(3):131-62.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/234
Abstract
The research question in this study was assessing possible relationships between formal knowledge of conditional probability as well as biases related to conditional probability reasoning: fallacy of the transposed conditional; fallacy of the time axis; base rate fallacy; synchronic and diachronic situations; conjunction fallacy; and confusing independence and mutually exclusiveness. Two samples of university students majoring in psychology and following the same introductory statistics course were given the CPR test before (n = 177) and after (n = 206) formal teaching of conditional probability. Results indicate a systematic improvement in formal understanding of conditional probability and in problem solving capacity but little change in those items related to psychological biases.