The effect of the error-based activities incorporating argumentation on errors in the external visual representations of pre-service teachers: An action research
Muhammet Doruk 1 * , Gül Mine Bayram Gün 2
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1 Uşak University, TÜRKİYE2 Hakkari University, TÜRKİYE* Corresponding Author

Abstract

The aim of this study is to reveal external visual representations of pre-service mathematics teachers towards number sets, to identify reasons for errors in representations and to create a lesson plan that can overcome the errors. In this context, the study is an example of action research. The first stage of the study was devoted to revealing external visual representations of pre-service mathematics teachers. The second stage of the study was devoted to lesson plan that can overcome the existing errors obtained in the first stage. Error-based activities with argumentation-based learning was determined as teaching method in the lesson plan. As a result of the study, 30 different errors were determined in their external visual representations. It was determined that the lesson plan was effective in overcoming the errors in external representations and in creating appropriate internal representations.

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Research Article

INT ELECT J MATH ED, Volume 21, Issue 2, May 2026, Article No: em0872

https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/18097

Publication date: 01 Apr 2026

Online publication date: 13 Mar 2026

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