APA
In-text citation: (Pöhler et al., 2017)
Reference: Pöhler, B., George, A. C., Prediger, S., & Weinert, H. (2017). Are Word Problems Really More Difficult for Students with Low Language Proficiency? Investigating Percent Items in Different Formats and Types.
International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 12(3), 667-687.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/641
AMA
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Pöhler B, George AC, Prediger S, Weinert H. Are Word Problems Really More Difficult for Students with Low Language Proficiency? Investigating Percent Items in Different Formats and Types.
INT ELECT J MATH ED. 2017;12(3), 667-687.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/641
Chicago
In-text citation: (Pöhler et al., 2017)
Reference: Pöhler, Birte, Ann Cathrice George, Susanne Prediger, and Henrike Weinert. "Are Word Problems Really More Difficult for Students with Low Language Proficiency? Investigating Percent Items in Different Formats and Types".
International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education 2017 12 no. 3 (2017): 667-687.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/641
Harvard
In-text citation: (Pöhler et al., 2017)
Reference: Pöhler, B., George, A. C., Prediger, S., and Weinert, H. (2017). Are Word Problems Really More Difficult for Students with Low Language Proficiency? Investigating Percent Items in Different Formats and Types.
International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 12(3), pp. 667-687.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/641
MLA
In-text citation: (Pöhler et al., 2017)
Reference: Pöhler, Birte et al. "Are Word Problems Really More Difficult for Students with Low Language Proficiency? Investigating Percent Items in Different Formats and Types".
International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, vol. 12, no. 3, 2017, pp. 667-687.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/641
Vancouver
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Pöhler B, George AC, Prediger S, Weinert H. Are Word Problems Really More Difficult for Students with Low Language Proficiency? Investigating Percent Items in Different Formats and Types. INT ELECT J MATH ED. 2017;12(3):667-87.
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/641
Abstract
Achievement gaps between students with low and high language proficiency appear for word problems, but is this due to their text format or their conceptual challenges? A test with percent problems of different types and in pure, text and visual format was conducted with N=308 seventh graders. Students’ scores were analyzed statistically by a cognitive diagnosis model. Unlike expected, the probability for students with low language proficiency to solve items in text format is not lower than in pure format. These results are interpreted as indication that conceptual challenges might impact stronger than reading challenges.