Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of College Students’ Vocational Training in Conditions of Social Partnership

This article is focused on the development of organizational and pedagogical conditions of college students’ vocational training in terms of social partnership and experimental study of their effectiveness. The leading methods in the study of this problem are the observations, conversations, monitoring, questioning, psychological testing and pedagogical experiment, allowing checking of the effectiveness of the proposed organizational and pedagogical conditions of students’ vocational training in terms of social partnership. The article deals with the role of social partnership of colleges and enterprises; identifies organizational and pedagogical conditions of students’ vocational training in terms of social partnership between the college and the company; justifies forms of cooperation between the educational institutions and its social partners; identifies criteria for production and pedagogical management of students’ vocational training in the conditions of Social Partnership between the college and the company; proves the effectiveness of college students’ vocational training in the conditions of social partnership. The paper submissions are of a definite value in the organization of social partnership in the system of secondary and higher vocational education.


Urgency of the problem
In the current socio-economic conditions, more and more the issue actualized how to form a new system of relations between educational institutions and employers. Social partnership helps all participants to join in the search for optimal ways to implement as their own interests so the general economic interest, consisting in the training of qualified personnel, demanded by labor market. The government, business and educational institutions long ago have been trying to enter the "triple alliance", to improve the quality of primary and secondary vocational education (Shaidullina et al., 2015a, b, c;Masalimova et al., 2014).
And it has two aspects: how to train a decent professionals and how to make them stay at the company.
Professional level of the staff, which was trained by educational institutions, met the requirements of high-tech industry until recently because it is constantly being upgraded. The current situation shows that employers are required to take a direct part in the future professionals' and specialists' training for modern company to achieve further industrial growth. And this problem doesn't belong to only individual company, but it is also nationwide, because human resources are not only skilled workers but also the well-being of each of them, respectively, the safety and well-being of the country as a whole (Vlasova, Kirilova & Sabirova, 2015;Sakhieva et al., 2015;Baklashova, 2014;Ganieva et al., 2014;Zaripova et al., 2014).
Growing process of the industrial progress obliges the institutions of primary and secondary vocational education to prepare not the apprentices but true professionals, possessing high production and common culture, the ability and the desire to the development of technological and organizational innovations.
Union of industrialists, representatives of small and medium business as the main purpose of social partnership sees joint implementation of specific measures aimed at increasing of the effectiveness of vocational education. Each side seeks its own path of development and forms of social partnership.

The role of social partnership between colleges and enterprises
Sustainable development of colleges, as well as any other socio-economic systems is connected with the ongoing modernization of their activities, the search for new, more effective partners, the introduction of innovations based on social partnership in the educational process. Innovations in the form of new specialties in which there is a need for the partners and the labor market in general, educational curricula and training plans agreed with the partner organizations enable colleges to find new niches for the implementation of educational services, improve their quality, use all available reserves and potential. Management of sustainable development of colleges should be based on the principles of openness, adaptability to changing conditions, activity, learning, reflection and should be aimed at long-term results.
Analysis of trends in the market of educational services, as well as practical experience suggest that the development of networks of partnerships between colleges and various companies provide sustainable development not only of the cooperation of members, but also contribute to the development of innovative component of regions and country in the whole (Lysov, 2013).
The effectiveness of the interaction of colleges with industrial, financial, industrial and transport business structures is unquestionable in terms of the formation of professional standards, monitoring of the quality of education, the creation and maintenance of the material base of educational institutions. The most effective form of cooperation today is the social partnership. In the broad sense "partnership" means a variety of forms of cooperation and is presented as a coordination of the educational systems with other production systems by new forms of relationships.
The partnership opens additional opportunities for college:  permanent access to labor market's information that allows refining of the structure of professions and trades, the volume of their training;  taking into account of the employers' requirements on the content of the training of specialists through the joint development of training curricula and plans;  organization of students' practice on the equipment involved in the real sector of the service industry;  systematic training of college teachers in companies to become familiar with the latest equipment;  assessment of the quality of training by independent experts;  professionals' targeted training for specific companies and others.
The works of these and other authors allow studying of important aspects of the problem of social partnership as a factor of quality of vocational training and identifying of prospects for its solution. Analysis of theoretical studies, best and mass practices shows that the problem of interaction between colleges and social partners in the quality's ensuring of professionals' training is very sharp and has not yet become a subject of special pedagogical research.

Materials and Methods
During the study the following methods were used -theoretical methods: system analysis, synthesis, generalization, theoretical analysis of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological, scientific, methodical and technical literature on the research problem; -empirical methods: observation, conversations, monitoring, questioning, psychological testing, experiment.
Experimental work took place in several stages.
The aim of ascertaining stage of the experiment (2013-2014) was to determine the structure and efficiency of the traditional managerial system of students' vocational training.
At the forming stage (2014-2015) an analysis of the regional labor market was done, the legal framework for the cooperation of college with the social partners was developed; forms of social partnership of college were defined, employers were involved in the organization of the managerial and the educational processes, the development of qualifications' requirements for verification procedures of professional knowledge and skills. The purpose of the control stage (2015-2016) was to check the efficiency of the developed pedagogical conditions for production and pedagogical management of students' vocational training.

Results
Social Partnership of college and company is based on the following principles: equality of the parties, democracy, allowing any party to take the initiative, to justify its position; regulatory support of the participants' activities; voluntary acceptance of obligations by the parties and the mandatory of their implementation.

Functions and organizational conditions of social partnership between college and company
The main functions of production and pedagogical management are focused on providing of the most effective students' vocational training at minimal cost and time and include: 1) providing of labor market with the required quantities of competitive, mobile, highly skilled workers and mid-level professionals, 2) promotion to the successful socialization of the individual of the student, in order to achieve the student's self-determination, active life activities, quick adaptation to innovations of modern high-tech industry. Table 1 shows the basic conditions for social partnership between college and company and the parties' activities.

Pedagogical conditions for management of students' vocational training in terms of social partnership "college -company"
The study identifies and justifies pedagogical conditions for optimization of management of students' vocational training in terms of social partnership "college -company": 1) organization of marketing research of the regional labor market; 2) establishment of a regional bank of social partners in the context of the prepared occupations and professions; 3) modern material and technical support of the training process; 4) demand for graduates in the labor market; 5) increase students' motivation to learn, master the profession (specialty); 6) involvement of employers and other social partners in the development of qualifications' requirements, procedures of knowledge's, professional abilities' and skills' verification; 7) increasing of the educational and professional level of teachers.

Forms of cooperation of educational institutions with social partners
The study reveals the forms of cooperation of educational institutions with the social partners: students' practical training at the actual workplaces, conducting of some classes for students by the representatives of the industry ("guest lecturers"); employers' participation in the assessment of students, employers' participation in the development and review of training-curricular documentation, assessment of the labor market; teachers' training at real workplaces, employers' participation in professional skills' competitions, student conferences, decades by specialties, etc., joint participation in exhibitions, improvement of industrial professionals' qualification in educational institution, employment of graduates, the organization of the Board of Trustees, industrial (sector) Councils on social partnership.
The most promising form of social partnership are the regional advisory councils, which include representatives of educational institutions, employers, professional associations, employment services, regional authorities of industry and education. Advisory councils are created with a view to improve the content of vocational education and to promote to corporate democratic relations' development between educational institutions and the social partners at the regional level

Criteria for production and pedagogical management of students' vocational training in conditions of social partnership "college-company"
Criteria for production and pedagogical management of students' vocational training in conditions of social partnership "college-company" are determined in accordance with a dynamic model of a specialist. Dynamic professional model defines the main stages in the development of students' educational and professional activities, as in the training process in the educational institution so in company's environment: -1 stage -the formation of educational activities; -2 stage -the foundations' formation of professional activities; -3 stage -the formation of graduates' readiness for professional work in conditions of the company.
The specific distribution of stages by years of studying is determined depending on the specific specialty.
A student in the process of vocational training is under the managerial actions not only from the college, as it was during the traditional managerial system, but also from the company, by interacting with the engineering and technical personnel, using of material and technical base at the time of the industrial practice.

The course and results of the experiment
To assess the quality of professionals' training a complex task was developed in Almetyevsk Oil College including theoretical, practical and professional unit. The theoretical block included questions on 10 academic disciplines, forming professional knowledge. Practical unit was aimed to manufacture with the use of the machine on the drawing given a detail of the complexity corresponding to the 2-3 category of a worker. Professional unit consisted of two parts: the development of the technological process of the manufacturing the part manually and performing of the same process with the application of modern computer-aided design systems. For each unit the rating scales were developed to assess objectively the performance of tasks and get the total score. Complex task was examined by expertize in JSC Tatneft and Almetyevsk Oil College and received a positive opinion. The results of experimental data processed are shown in Tables 2-5.  The comparison of the results presented in tables 2 and 3 shows that over the past three years all graduates of the experimental group were demanded and employed, and graduates' staying in the company on specialty was 100% (tables 4 and 5), while similar indicators of control group were much lower. Thus, analysis of data in Tables 2,3,4,5 conclude that the indicators in the experimental groups were statistically better than in control groups, which indicates on a greater effectiveness of training in company's environment, in comparison with the conventional training in institution's environment.

Discussions
The educational institution today has more social partners, the interaction with which also to a large extent influences the success of a competent professional's formation. These include representatives of local authorities, parents of students, secondary schools, universities, post-graduate educational system, and others. What are the interests, needs and requirements of these entities of social partnership? How should they affect the objectives, content and technology of specialists' training in college? These and other questions are out of sight of many researchers.
The study of social partnership's practices in the system of vocational education shows that successfully developing vocational schools and colleges are making their success not only due to the optimum inclusion in the process of specialist's training of internal resources of the institution, but also the opportunities of entities of labor markets and educational services, as well as government and public structures, stakeholders (governments, companies and institutions, schools, parents, students, teachers, and others).
In some colleges of Russia an interesting experience of a successful realization of the idea of social partnership has been accumulated as a condition for providing of the accessibility and quality of secondary vocational education in small towns and rural areas. Its essence is to create a college branches in the rural district centers, which becomes the center for integration of all social partners interested in skilled workers and professionals' training for the needs of the village. The graduates of the branches tend to stay to work in the village. These systems operate with the support of local administrations and the education authorities. However, they have not been yet the object of theoretical understanding and synthesis in the form of thesis research.
Analysis of the theory and practice of social partnership in the secondary vocational educational system allows to establish the existence of a contradiction between the fact that in modern conditions of colleges' development the social partnership becomes objectively necessary condition for improving of the quality of specialists' training, on the one hand, and the underdevelopment of the organizational and pedagogical conditions of the social partnership's implementation as a condition to improve the quality of specialist' training -on the other hand.

Conclusion
Thus, the paper points out that the modern vocational education should be based on the study of professions' supply and demand in the labor market, their prospects in a specific region based on the forecast of its economic development; qualification requirements to the profession (basic knowledge, abilities, skills, i.e. basic professional competences, additional professional competences, specific regional requirements, etc.); modern material and technical support of the training process (equipment, raw materials, new technologies and methods of production); fundamentally different, independent from the education, training's quality assessment with necessarily involving of the employer; changing of the approaches to the employment of college graduates (they must either come into the industry, or to return the money spent on their training); analysis of the graduate's real success (the fact how is developed his professional career, how the specialist's self-realization is carried out in the profession influence the rating of the educational institution).
Analysis of the experimental research data suggests that performance in the experimental groups of students, in which additional tasks were introduced and worked out at the companies, became statistically better than in control groups, indicating that the greater effectiveness of training took place in terms of production, in comparison with traditional training in the educational institution.

Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.